Reduction of Cu and nitrate leaching risk associated with EDDS-enhanced phytoextraction process by exogenous inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria

Biodegradable chelant (S,S)–N,N?-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) has the more advantages of enhanced metal mobility, rapid degradation, environmental friendliness, and ammonium release. However, risk and/or nitrate residues leaching within EDDS biodegradation remains as bottleneck for widespread application EDDS-induced phytoremediation. This study aims to explore if inoculation plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) can eliminate associated with short-term by investigating Cu phytoextraction soil content. Results showed that significantly increased copper (Cu) concentration in shoots, total Cu, NH4+-N NO3?-N content, but decreased biomass. The PGPRs a strong ability increase biomass, decrease Moreover, bacterial dominant taxa were found be largest contributors variation, abundance denitrifying bacteria (Bacteroidetes Stenotrophomonas) treatment PGPRs. residual was reduced without changing stability community. These new findings indicate exogenous beneficial provide an effective strategy reduce metal-contaminated soils chelant-assisted phytoextraction.